Electrical conductivity
The table shows electric conductivity values for the facets Na to Ar, relative to aluminium.
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| sodium | Na | 11 | 0.55 |
| magnesium | Mg | 12 | 0.61 |
| aluminium | Al | 13 | 1.00 |
| silicon | Si | 14 | 0.10 |
| phosphorus | P | 15 | 0 |
| sulfur | S | 16 | 0 |
| chlorine | Cl | 17 | 0 |
| argon | Ar | 18 | 0 |
Substances conduct electrical energy if they contain charged particles that can move from ar to ar when a potential distinction is applied.
The table provide some information about different substances.
| metal | conduct when solid or liquid |
| covalent substances | do not conduct (graphite is one exception) |
| ionic compounds | conduct when dissolved or as soon as liquid |
Description of trend
The graph shows how electric conductivity varies across duration 3.
There is a lot walking on in this graph, so the is often easier to division it right into three sections. The table below gives a brief review of these sections.
| Na, Mg, Al | metal | metallic | conductivity increases from Na to Al |
| Si | metalloid | giant covalent | conductivity much less than Na, Mg and Al |
| P, S, Cl, Ar | non-metal | simple molecular(Ar is monatomic) | do no conduct electricity |
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Explanation that this trend
Sodium, magnesium and aluminium
Sodium, magnesium and also aluminium are all metals. They have metallic bonding, in i beg your pardon the nuclei of metal atoms are attracted come delocalised electrons.
Going from salt to aluminium:
the variety of delocalised electrons boosts …there are much more electrons that can move and also carry charge v the structure…the electrical conductivity increases.Silicon
Silicon has a giant covalent structure. That is a semiconductor, so that is not a great conductor or a an excellent insulator.
Phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine and also argon
The remaining aspects in duration 3 perform not conduct electricity. They have no cost-free electrons that can move around and carry fee from place to place.
Metallic bonding is often incorrectly explained as the attraction in between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons. However, steels still consist of atoms, yet the external electrons room not associated with any certain atom.
In a comparable way, graphite (a non-metal) likewise has delocalised electrons. However, you don't watch the idea the it is composed of carbon ions.
The gigantic lattice framework of silicon is comparable to the of diamond. Each silicon atom is covalently external inspection to four other silicon atom in a tetrahedral arrangement.
The atoms in molecule of phosphorus, sulfur and also chlorine are held together by covalent bonds.
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